Forensics- Organic vs. Inorganic Evidence Research Paper

Forensics- Organic vs. Inorganic Evidence - Research Paper Example The paper will wind up by tracking the significance of organic evidence as it moves through the justice system. According to Goody (2011), forensic evidence can be classified as inorganic or organic depending on the form of proof and its chemical composition. Organic evidence is evidence that contains carbon atoms connected to other carbon atoms. It could be teeth, hair, broken body tissues, blood, saliva, sweat, or semen. Such evidence can be traced to an individual and assist investigators with identifying a culprit. Though, there are exhibits that do not have metal atoms, they can be classified as organic evidence; for example, carbonates ions and cyanide. Inorganic evidence includes all things picked from a crime scene and can be used to connect an individual with that criminal activity. Crime scenes are always characterized with traces and marks from shoes or finger prints (Patrick, 2011). Further, there could be broken glasses, wood, crime weapons, broken utensils, gun residues and soil. Inorganic evidence can be collected physically from a crime scene and presented in a court of law during a court proceeding. Physical evidence contains both inorganic and organic compounds. For example, paint has organic solvents and metals such as zinc and lead, but it is regarded as inorganic evidence (Goody, 2011). Gunshot residue is primarily composed of inorganic materials such as lead and nitrates. Evidences that contain both organic and inorganic compounds are keenly analyzed using different means to arrive at an accurate conclusion. The chief strength of inorganic evidence is that it involves concrete collection of evidence; this eliminates probability of deviation. This evidence can be identified with certainty in a law court, as they include the broken items like utensils, windows and chairs (Henry & Howard, 2000). Further, inorganic evidence is effective in solving criminal cases

The Present Work of Christ in Hebrews Essay Example for Free

The Present Work of Christ in Hebrews Essay David McLeod has written this journal article in large part in response to a number of writers who have charged that the present work of Christ has largely â€Å"been neglected† [1] by systematic theologians of the church today. In McLeod’s estimation such neglect would not be understood by the New Testament authors, as Christ’s present work was one of their most important themes in the New Testament. McLeod states that, â€Å"The purpose of this article is to examine the work of one of those authors, the epistle to the Hebrews, and to outline its contribution to the subject. †[2] McLeod gives three reasons for his study. First, no theme that was central to apostolic Christianity can be overlooked, second, added attention needs to be directed to earlier studies in Hebrews and finally, McLeod’s hope is that material covered in this article will aid those who teach and study the Bible to be more fully informed about the subject of the work of Christ in the Epistle to the Hebrews. Commencement of Christ’s Present Ministry With the purpose of this article being to examine the work of the New Testament author of Hebrews intent, and outline said New Testament’s author’s work regarding the work of Christ, McLeod does so two fold. First, McLeod addresses the Commencement of Christ’s Present Ministry, and secondly the Activities of His Present Ministry. The commencement of Christ’s present ministry begins with His ascension which â€Å"is one of a series of events that marked the beginning of Christs present ministry. †[3] With His ascension Christ entered into the sanctuary where He took up His place of honor in the holy of holies. This place of honor was at the right hand of the father, where Christ was exalted and rested from His completed work. It was at this point that Christ was installed as High Priest and given His present ministry. McLeod writes that, â€Å"The Son of God has obtained a more excellent ministry than that of the Levitical priests who served the earthly tabernacle (8:5-6). †[4] †The perfect tense suggests not only that Jesus obtained this ministry in the past but also that He still possesses it†. [5] Once Christ obtained His ministry, the text in Hebrews suggests that this ministry is still in Christ’s possession and that it continues. Activities of Christ’s Present Ministry The activities of Christ’s present ministry are six fold. As the High Priest of mankind, one of Christ’s present ministries is to stand before God and represent those who have accepted His sacrifice. Representation can be thought of in McLeod’s opinion as Christ being in the immediate presence of God†,[6] representing â€Å"sinners on the basis of a finished sacrifice whereby they have acceptance with God and are favorably regarded by Him. [7] Inauguration, the second of Christ’s activities is to provide a new and living way to commune with God that never grows obsolete. Intercession, is defined by McLeod as, â€Å" the sympathetic appeals and petitions of the ascended, incarnate Son of God to God the Father (on the basis of a finished sacrifice) for the preservation, forgiveness, renovation, and bringing to glory of His people. †[8] Mediation is the activity where Christ mediated His followers p rayers and praise as well, being the medium for the power of God to be released upon His people. Anticipation as defined by McLeod represents â€Å"that quiescent activity of Christ whereby He awaits His return (1:6; 9:28; 10:37), the defeat of His enemies (1:13; 10:13), and His rule as King (1:8-9) over the world to come (2:5). †[9] Benediction is the final of the six activities outlined by McLeod. McLeod denotes that Benediction is â€Å"Christs work of benediction in Hebrews, His future return to His people from His heavenly sanctuary and the fulfillment of the promise†[10] Critical Evaluation McLeod’s argument is centered on the claim that today’s church and systematic theologian’s attention to the present work of Christ has largely â€Å"been neglected†. [11]McLeod’s aim is to examine the book of Hebrews and by doing so reiterate the importance that no theme of the apostolic writings should be neglected; he also wishes to draw further attention to the book of Hebrews and its estimation of the present work of Christ. McLeod’s division in this article outlines the commencement of Christ’s Present Ministry, and secondly the Activities of His Present Ministry. McLeod makes a sound argument for the commencement of Christ’s present ministry. Touching on the end of His earthly ministry, with His ascension, and His installment as High Priest in the holy of holies. McLeod’s evaluation of Christ’s present ministry is just as compelling and does well in addressing the many scholarly views pertaining to the present ministry of Christ. McLeod states that, â€Å"The author of Hebrews wrote of a number of activities presently being performed by Christ as High Priest. Scholars differ over the number of distinct activities and their nature. †[12] In regard to intercession McLeod brings the reader through many views that are held in regard to the present ministry of Christ and seems to amplify that this present ministry of Christ is of the utmost importance to grasp and understand. Conclusion Overall, McLeod has successfully accomplished of his goal of bringing added attention to the present work of Christ and outline the timeline of when His present ministry began. His arguments are sound and thorough, leaving little to question. While reading this article the reader will be brought methodically and precisely through the work of Christ’s present ministry, and in so doing accomplish the goal of the author to provide material that will aid and instruct Bible students who teach and write on Christology.

Noras Discovery of Self in Ibsens A Dolls House Essays -- Dolls Hou

Nora's Discovery of Self in Henrik Ibsen's A Doll's House         Ã‚  Ibsen's play, "A Doll House," involves a woman who begins the play as a common housewife and through a series of joyous occurrences and catastrophes becomes a self-liberating woman.   Nora Helmer is transformed and decides to abandon her family and home in search of her true self.   She arrives at this point because of several factors.   Her refusal to submit to her husband and her self-realization is brought on by the way she has been taught to act by her husband and her father, and the contradicting demands the situations that she has had to deal with gave her.   Her true devotion to herself is discovered because of the false devotion she felt towards her husband and her role in her family.   In "A Doll House," Henrik Ibsen uses the character of Nora to show that the way in which a woman is treated and her assumed role in society can actually lead to her discovery of her own true humanity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Though it seems contradictory, it is actually Torvald Helmer, Nora's husband, who cause Nora to refuse to submit to him.   Torvald holds a very low opinion of Nora's ability to handle things for herself, and allows her almost no responsibility relating to the family outside of the trivial things in the home.   His incessant use of his pet names, "songbird" and "squirrel" for example, trivialize her place in their home.   However, when Torvald becomes ill, it becomes Nora's responsibility to provide for his recovery.   Of course, Torvald, mustn't know anything about Nora borrowing money for his sake, which the situation demands.   So Nora is thrown into a dilemma.   Here her first decision to disobey her husband's wishes, in point of fact for the sake of her love for hi... ...e would long ago have told him about her troubles."   (294)    Works Cited: Gray, Ronald. "Henrik Ibsen." European Writers:   The Romantic Century.   New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1985. Vol. 7, pp.1428-1430 Hardwick, Elizabeth. "A Doll's House." Drama Criticism.   Detroit:   Gale Research Inc., 1992.   Vol. 2, pp. 294-295 Harris, Laurie Lanzen. "Henrik Ibsen." Characters in 20th Century Literature.   New York: Gale Research Inc., 1990.   p. 183 Huneker, James.   "Ibsen." Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism.   Detroit:   Gale Research Inc., 1979. Vol. 2, pp.222-223 Ibsen, Henrik. "A Doll House." Perrine's Literature.   Forth Worth:   Harcourt Brace College Publishers, 1998.   pp. 967-1023    Works Consulted Shaw, Bernard. "A Doll's House Again."   Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism.   Detroit: Gale Research Inc., 1979. Vol. 8, p. 143   

How to write a history essay

HOW TO Write A HISTORY ESSAY Brief: 214112 Most history essays begin with a inquiry. The first standards in ‘how to compose a history essay’ is to get down with the inquiry being asked and interrogate it for intending. What is inferred by the inquiry? What attack is required? An essay that starts by analyzing the inquiry – reasoning with it – or its significance – explicating the manner you are traveling to near the inquiry and what methods you are traveling to use in replying it, instantly gets you into the topic and is a good start point. History is about construing the available ‘facts’ , so demoing how you interpret the inquiry ‘lays out your stall’ and gives the reader an penetration into what will follow. The following undertaking is for you to plunge yourself in the topic of the essay. Type cardinal words on the subject into your library hunt engine and choose any texts that seem to cover the subject by and large, or in item. It is difficult to state precisely how many books are required to be read before you have an apprehension of the topic, but it is good to seek to do certain you have read a mix of books: the most recent scholarship on the topic every bit good as a few older books: this ensures you have an apprehension of old attacks to the topic and a broad scope of statements. Often ‘introductions’ and ‘conclusions’ give a good indicant of what the book contains, and their bibliographies can indicate you in the way of farther utile reading stuff. Journal articles are besides an highly valuable resource, and once more can be searched for, and frequently sourced, electronically. Journal articles and books by historiographers are ‘secondary’ beginnings. The other indispensable beginning of information for a history essay are ‘primary’ beginnings: these are most frequently original paperss from the period, but they can besides be grounds that is exposed by the landscape, pictures, unwritten tradition, architecture, archeology, and artifacts. Equally, as history necessarily embraces all other subjects, sometimes a sidelong attack to researching the topic can be honoring and you might include mentions from philosophers, archeologists, anthropologists or from literature. Once you have immersed yourself in the topic, the following undertaking, before really composing the essay, is to make up one's mind what attack and statement you feel is right for the inquiry, and can be supported by ‘evidence’ . Deciding on your statement – what position you hold of the topic – is critical before working out the construction of the essay. After reading around the topic you will hopefully hold a feel for the grounds you find most dramatic and persuasive ; if you are lucky, you may hold a whole new angle on the topic you want to set frontward. It is of import that you make certain you have collected together, from what you have read, quotes from a mixture of beginnings that either back up your statement – or so that contradict it ( but that can be convincingly argued against ) . It is of import to demo your thorough apprehension of the historiography of the topic and the mentalities and stances taken by other historiographers. An ess ay should demo alternate statements to your ain and include an account of why you find them unconvincing. Every spot of ‘evidence’ must be footnoted in your concluding essay with the writer and rubric, so it is of import to do accurate notes as you read. New grounds from primary beginnings is particularly helpful in doing your essay original. . Once you feel confident that you have read plenty and hold a good thought of what statement, or statements, you want to set frontward in reply to the inquiry: so reexamine your notes and jot down a construction for the essay. In simple footings this involves an debut, the chief organic structure of the essay with the statement, and a decision. As mentioned, the debut can include an account of the attack you are taking and your apprehension of what the inquiry demands, and should ‘signpost’ the way the essay will take. The cardinal organic structure of the essay will incorporate the grounds you have collected together. The nexus that threads the statement will be your reading of the grounds, and you marshal your ‘narrative’ around that grounds. The decision will bind up the statement ( s ) made, and significantly, include the reply to the inquiry. With your construction in topographic point you are ready to compose up your essay. There are general ‘dos’ and ‘don’ts’ in building a history essay. Traditionally history is written in the 3rd individual. Unless you are a recognized expert in the field, it is best to avoid the ‘I’ word: sentiment should be based on back uping grounds and historiographers are urged to endeavor to be nonsubjective. History should be written in the past tense. Accuracy is critical, and that goes for spelling and punctuation every bit good as transcribing quotation marks and supplying faithful footers, every bit good as a bibliography of everything that you have cited or read and that may hold informed your sentiment in the essay. Citations should be identified by citation Markss ; and unless within a quotation mark, abbreviations should be written in full. Wherever possible, sentences should non be overlong ; even complex ideas can be expressed with lucidity and simpleness. ( Reading it aloud can be helpful in exposing bugs and awkward sen tences ) .A History essay should, in other words: flow ; be easy to read, and the statement should be telling and easy understood. Naturally there are many different historical ‘schools’ of idea, political, societal or economic, be they: ‘top down’ , ‘bottom up’ – Marxist – revisionist – longue duree ( the Gallic Annales School ) , or micro and macro histories et Al. These assorted historical stances provide analytical attacks to any given period or capable, and have been, and go on to be used by historiographers to assist them show the grounds and support statements. You may happen acknowledging, beliing, or following one or more of these attacks helpful in building an essay. However, one of the chief jobs for the historiographer is the job of hindsight. The trouble with history is we know how it ended, we know the result, and it is difficult to divide that cognition from any analysis of past events or their causes. Nowadays a teleological attack is seen as unacceptable: this is frequently called the ‘Whig’ position of history, and sees ev ents in the yesteryear as a portion of the inevitable March of ‘progress’ . Events, and statements environing them, should, therefore, be placed merely within the context of their ain clip, and every attempt should be made to animate the thought procedures of the clip and contextualise the bureaus that coloured the events under reappraisal. So in reply to the job ‘how to compose a history essay’ , foremost understand the inquiry ; so read up all you can on the topic. Following, analyze what you feel is a convincing statement which answers the inquiry ; roll up your ‘facts’ and construction your essay with strict back uping grounds. And, eventually, to rephrase E. H. Carr, retrieve ‘facts’ do non talk for themselves they merely ‘speak’ when the historian calls on them, interprets them, and gives them intending.

Environmental health Essay

Environmental health is the study of how the world around us affects our health. This can be from air pollution to global warming and everything in between. The goal is to determine how the world impacts overall human health. And, the initial information is not good. In 2005, the World Helath Organization reported that each year 3 million children under the age of five die from environmental related causes (â€Å"How Healthy is Your World? † 2005). In essence all of human health, except genetics and maybe that too, is affected by the environment. It affects the food we eat, the water we drink and the air we breathe, but too many people take it for granted, not realizing there are things that can be done to improve the environment and its impact on humanity. One of the first and most important things to improve about your personal environment is the quality of the air that you breathe. First and foremost, it is important to avoid tobacco smoke. This is one of the foremost indoor air pollutants and is easily avoidable Other toxins can build up in a well-sealed indoor environment and should be guarded against. They include chemical vapors from cleaning products, carpeting and other petro-chemical products used indoors (Landgren 2005). The problem is that in many indoor environments there is no filtration system so these pollutants build up and make people ill. Recently, scientists have found that indoor air pollution is worse than outdoor air pollution. Another important factor in environmental health is outdoor air pollution. Though some cities worldwide are particularly known for their pollution that does not mean it is not a problem elsewhere as well. In Hong Kong, for example, recent research shows that the poorest part of the city have the worst air pollution (Stern 2003). In the wake of the September 11, 2001, attack on New York City air quality tests showed heavy particulates and cancer-causing materials present in much of the air (â€Å"Potential exposure† 2003). In addition, hefty amounts of green-houses gases in the city, presumably related to the use of fossil fuels for transportation have led to increasing rates of asthma and other breathing related illnesses (Misner 2003). To combat these environmental issues, we must find ways to cut our use of individual vehicles, car pooling more, using mass transit and using other means of transportation including walking and riding bicycles. Another major issue we must address to improve the impact the environment has on our health is the availability of clean drinking water. In parts of India where sanitation is inadequate, the water is polluted and contributes to the spread of disease. In other areas, such as part of the American southwest, population centers have developed in areas with inadequate water to support the population. We must begin serious water conservation efforts and find new ways to process waste so that it does not contaminate the water supply. Another important issue to address is the use of products determined to be toxins. Though efforts have been made to stop using lead-based paint, lead levels in some areas are still too high, causing lead poisoning. In addition, a recent study shows that in areas with high lead levels, there is a corresponding rise in crime (Stretesky 2004). It is important that we enact stricter regulations to remove these known carcinogens from our environment. Lead has been removed from gas and paint but is still being used in other products and is escaping to the air we breathe. Finally, if we want to serious impact the environment around us and the impact it has on our personal health, it is important that we recycle and buy recycled products. Too many things are going to the landfill, using up previous land to fill it with trash and allowing run off from the decaying trash to endanger our water supply and food sources. We must seriously reduce our need to buy and throw things if we want to keep the land healthy and by extension keep ourselves healthy.